Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia, often called the "cradle of civilization," is a historical region located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, mainly in modern-day Iraq. It is significant for being one of the first places where complex societies emerged around 3500 BCE. The Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians are among the notable cultures that developed there, known for advancements in writing (like cuneiform), law (like the Code of Hammurabi), and architecture (like ziggurats). Mesopotamia's innovations laid the groundwork for future civilizations, influencing culture, politics, and technology across the world.