Ancient metallurgy

Ancient metallurgy refers to the early techniques and processes used by civilizations to extract and manipulate metals from ores. This practice began over 6,000 years ago with copper, followed by bronze (a mix of copper and tin) and iron. Ancient societies developed methods for smelting, which involves heating ores to separate the metal, and forging to shape it into tools and weapons. Metallurgy greatly influenced technological advancement, enabling stronger materials for construction, agriculture, and warfare, and significantly affecting trade and economies. Civilizations like the Egyptians, Chinese, and Mesopotamians played key roles in advancing these techniques.