Ancient Sumerian Civilization

Ancient Sumerian civilization, emerging around 4500 BCE in present-day southern Iraq, is often regarded as one of the world's first advanced cultures. They developed the first known form of writing, cuneiform, and created city-states like Ur and Uruk, which featured impressive architecture and social organization. The Sumerians made significant contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and agriculture, utilizing irrigation techniques to enhance farming. Their polytheistic religion and mythology laid the groundwork for later cultures. Sumer's innovations and cultural practices influenced subsequent civilizations in the region, marking it as a pivotal point in the history of human development.