Sumer

Sumer was one of the earliest civilizations in human history, located in southern Mesopotamia, now modern-day Iraq, around 4500 to 1900 BCE. It is known for its advances in writing, architecture, and governance. The Sumerians invented cuneiform script, one of the first forms of writing, and built ziggurats, impressive step-like structures. They developed city-states like Ur and Uruk, with complex societies governed by laws and religious practices. Sumer's innovations laid the foundation for subsequent civilizations, making it a crucial part of human history and culture.