Ancient Sumer

Ancient Sumer, located in the southern part of Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), is one of the world's earliest known civilizations, emerging around 4500 BCE. It is characterized by the development of city-states like Ur and Uruk, advanced agriculture aided by irrigation, and innovative technologies. Sumerians are credited with inventing cuneiform writing, one of the first forms of written communication, and for significant contributions in law, mathematics, and astronomy. Their rich mythology, religious practices, and art had a lasting influence on later cultures, marking Sumer as a cornerstone in the history of human civilization.