Sumerian Civilization

Sumerian civilization, one of the world's earliest known cultures, emerged around 4500 BCE in southern Mesopotamia, modern-day Iraq. Renowned for their advancements, the Sumerians developed cuneiform writing, established city-states like Ur and Uruk, and made significant contributions in law, astronomy, and mathematics. They practiced agriculture using irrigation and created polytheistic religious systems. Their social structure included priests, merchants, and farmers. Sumerians also built impressive structures called ziggurats, serving as temples. Ultimately, the Sumerian legacy laid the foundation for later civilizations like the Babylonians and Assyrians, influencing governance, culture, and technology throughout history.