Babylonian Empire

The Babylonian Empire, prominent around 1894 to 539 BCE in ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), was known for its rich culture and advancements in law, literature, and science. Its most famous ruler, Hammurabi, established one of the earliest sets of written laws, the Code of Hammurabi. Babylon was also a center for trade and learning, housing the legendary Hanging Gardens, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The empire eventually fell to the Persians, but its contributions to civilization, especially in mathematics and astronomy, left a lasting legacy on future societies.