Realism
Realism is the philosophical view that certain things exist independently of our perceptions or beliefs. In terms of universals and particulars, it suggests that abstract concepts (like beauty or justice) exist outside individual instances. Regarding belief and truth, realism holds that truths exist regardless of whether we believe in them. In pragmatism, it emphasizes practical implications and outcomes. Within scientific methodology, realism asserts that scientific theories aim to describe reality accurately, while in scientific explanation, it posits that phenomena exist objectively, independent of our understanding. Overall, realism emphasizes the existence of an external world that we strive to comprehend.
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Realism is a way of understanding and interpreting the world that emphasizes practical considerations, facts, and observable phenomena. In literature and art, realism focuses on depicting subjects as they are, often highlighting everyday life and common people, rather than idealizing or romanticizing them. In politics and international relations, realism suggests that nations act primarily in their self-interest, prioritizing power and security over moral or ideological considerations. Overall, realism encourages a clear-eyed view of reality, acknowledging complexities without shying away from the harsh truths of situations.