Galileo Galilei

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was an Italian astronomer and physicist who significantly advanced scientific understanding. He is known for pioneering the use of the scientific method and conducting experiments to study motion, laying foundations for classical mechanics. His observations, using a telescope, revealed moons around Jupiter and phases of Venus, challenging prevailing views of the universe. Galileo's work in kinematics explored concepts like inertia and acceleration, influencing later scientists, including Isaac Newton. His advocacy for a heliocentric model—where planets orbit the Sun—helped shift our understanding of celestial mechanics and established the groundwork for modern astrophysics.