16th century

The 16th century, spanning from 1501 to 1600, was a pivotal period marked by significant changes in Europe and beyond. It witnessed the Renaissance, a cultural revival that emphasized art, science, and humanism. This century also saw the Protestant Reformation, challenging the Catholic Church's authority and leading to the establishment of Protestant denominations. Exploration flourished, with figures like Columbus and Magellan expanding the known world, which had lasting impacts on trade and colonization. The century was characterized by advancements in literature, science, and politics, laying the groundwork for the modern world.