Spanish Inquisition

The Spanish Inquisition was a formal institution established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms. It targeted converted Jews, Muslims, and other non-conformists suspected of secretly practicing their former faiths. The Inquisition conducted trials, sometimes employing torture, and imposed severe punishments, including execution. While it aimed to unify Spain under Catholicism, it also fostered fear and suspicion, leading to social and cultural repression. The institution lasted for over three centuries and is often remembered for its brutal methods and religious intolerance.