Christian kingdoms of Spain

The Christian kingdoms of Spain emerged during the Middle Ages, particularly from the 8th to the 15th century. Following the Muslim conquest of much of the Iberian Peninsula in 711, various Christian kingdoms, such as Castile, Aragon, Leon, and Navarre, formed in the north. They united in a series of military campaigns known as the Reconquista to reclaim the territory. This culminated in 1492 with the capture of Granada, the last Muslim stronghold. The formation of a unified Spain under Ferdinand and Isabella marked the end of this era, paving the way for Spain's emergence as a powerful nation.