Indus Valley Civilization

The Indus Valley Civilization, flourishing around 2500-1900 BCE, was one of the world's earliest urban cultures, located in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. It featured advanced city planning, with well-organized streets, drainage systems, and standardized bricks. Major cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro showcased remarkable architecture and trade networks. The civilization had a system of writing, although it remains undeciphered. Despite its achievements, the reasons for its decline and eventual disappearance are still debated among historians, possibly linked to climate change or economic factors. The Indus Valley Civilization significantly contributed to the cultural foundations of ancient India.