The Harappan Civilization

The Harappan Civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, flourished around 2500 BCE in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. It is known for its advanced urban planning, with well-organized cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro featuring grid layouts, sophisticated drainage systems, and standardized brick sizes. The Harappans engaged in trade and had a script that remains undeciphered. Their economy was based on agriculture and crafts. Despite their achievements, the civilization declined around 1900 BCE, possibly due to climate change, flooding, or invasion, leaving behind a legacy that continues to intrigue historians and archaeologists.