Mature Harappan Period

The Mature Harappan Period, spanning around 2500 to 1900 BCE, marks the peak of the Indus Valley Civilization. During this time, urban planning and advanced infrastructure flourished, with cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro featuring well-laid streets, drainage systems, and standardized bricks. The economy thrived through trade, agriculture, and crafts, while social organization became more complex. Artifacts reveal a rich cultural life, including seals, pottery, and possibly early writing. However, by 1900 BCE, the civilization began to decline, with theories suggesting environmental changes, resource depletion, or social upheaval as contributing factors to this decline.