History of the Indian subcontinent

The Indian subcontinent has a rich history shaped by diverse cultures, religions, and empires. It saw the rise of ancient civilizations like the Indus Valley, followed by influential empires such as the Maurya and Gupta. In the medieval period, the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire flourished. European colonization began in the 17th century, with the British East India Company leading to direct British rule. India gained independence in 1947, splitting into two nations: India and Pakistan. The subcontinent remains a pivotal region, marked by its cultural heritage and ongoing socio-political dynamics.