Ancient Indus Valley History

The Ancient Indus Valley Civilization, thriving around 2500 BCE in what is now Pakistan and northwest India, was one of the world's earliest urban cultures. Known for its advanced city planning, impressive drainage systems, and standardized brick constructions, it included major cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. The civilization engaged in trade, had a script that remains undeciphered, and exhibited rich artistic traditions. It declined around 1900 BCE, possibly due to environmental changes or invasions. The Indus Valley's achievements significantly contributed to subsequent cultures in South Asia and reflected a complex, organized society with sophisticated technologies.