Harappan Civilization

The Harappan Civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, flourished around 2500 to 1900 BCE in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. It was one of the world's earliest urban cultures, known for its advanced city planning, including well-laid streets, drainage systems, and standardized brick sizes. Major cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro featured impressive architecture and evidence of trade, agriculture, and a writing system that remains undeciphered. The civilization mysteriously declined, possibly due to environmental changes or invasions, leaving a significant legacy in South Asian history.