Meluhha

Meluhha is an ancient civilization mentioned in Sumerian texts, believed to correspond to the Indus Valley Civilization, located in present-day Pakistan and northwestern India. It flourished around 2500 to 1900 BCE and was known for its advanced urban planning, trade networks, and distinct pottery and seals. Meluhha was significant for its extensive trade relations with Mesopotamia, where it exported goods like cotton, gemstones, and possibly spices. The civilization's decline remains a subject of research, but its contributions to early urban society and trade continue to be recognized in historical studies.