Zhou Dynasty
The Zhou Dynasty (c. 1046-256 BCE) was a crucial period in ancient China, following the Shang Dynasty. It is known for establishing the concept of the "Mandate of Heaven," which justified a ruler's authority based on their ability to govern wisely and benevolently. The dynasty saw significant cultural and philosophical developments, including the rise of Confucianism and Daoism. The Zhou period is divided into the Western Zhou (until 771 BCE) and Eastern Zhou, which includes the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, marked by political fragmentation and warfare. This era laid the foundations for Chinese civilization and governance.
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The Zhou dynasty (c. 1046–256 BCE) was the longest-lasting dynasty in Chinese history, succeeding the Shang dynasty. It is known for its significant cultural and philosophical developments, including the emergence of Confucianism and Daoism. The dynasty is divided into two periods: the Western Zhou, marked by stability, and the Eastern Zhou, which saw political fragmentation and turmoil, leading to the Warfare States period. The Zhou emphasized the "Mandate of Heaven," a principle justifying their rule and encouraging moral governance. Their innovations in governance, technology, and culture laid the foundation for future Chinese civilization.