Middle Kingdom (Ancient China)

The Middle Kingdom, or the Middle Kingdom period of Ancient China, refers primarily to the era from the 11th century BCE to the 3rd century BCE, including the Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States period. It is characterized by significant developments in culture, philosophy, and governance. This era saw the rise of Confucianism, Daoism, and advancements in technology and agriculture. The term "Middle Kingdom" reflects China's historical view of itself as the center of civilization, surrounded by barbarian lands. This period laid the foundations for China’s imperial structure and cultural identity that would influence later dynasties.