Dutch Republic

The Dutch Republic, also known as the United Provinces, was a powerful state in the 17th century, encompassing modern-day Netherlands and parts of Belgium. It emerged after gaining independence from Spain in the late 16th century. Known for its thriving trade, innovative art, and advancements in science, the Republic became a center of economic and cultural influence during the so-called Dutch Golden Age. It featured a unique political system with a decentralized government, where power was distributed among various provinces. The Dutch Republic was a pioneer in establishing a market economy and played a key role in global trade and exploration.