William of Orange (King William III)

William of Orange, also known as King William III, was a significant figure in European history who ruled England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1689 until his death in 1702. He was born in 1650 in the Netherlands and led a successful campaign to depose the Catholic King James II of England, largely due to fears of a return to Catholic rule. This event, known as the Glorious Revolution, resulted in the establishment of constitutional monarchy and the Bill of Rights, which limited the powers of the monarchy and laid the groundwork for modern democracy in Britain.