Republic of the Seven United Netherlands

The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, often referred to simply as the Dutch Republic, was a powerful and influential state in the 17th century. Established after a revolt against Spanish rule, it consisted of seven provinces, including Holland and Zeeland. Known for its maritime trade, innovative art, and scientific advancements, the Republic became a leading economic power during the Golden Age. Its unique political structure was based on a confederation of provinces, each with substantial independence, as well as a focus on trade and religious tolerance, which attracted many, contributing to its cultural and economic flourishing.