Ecological Succession
Ecological succession is the natural process through which ecosystems change and develop over time. It usually starts after a disturbance, like a fire or flood, creating bare land. Initially, small plants and fast-growing species (pioneer species) colonize the area. Over time, as soil improves and conditions change, larger plants like shrubs and trees begin to replace them. This gradual progression continues until a stable, mature ecosystem, known as a climax community, is established. Succession can be primary (starting from bare rock) or secondary (starting from disturbed soil), highlighting nature's resilience and adaptability.
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Ecological succession is the natural process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. It often begins in a barren environment, like after a wildfire or glacier retreat. Pioneer species, such as mosses and lichens, first colonize the area, gradually improving conditions for other plants. As these species die and decompose, they enrich the soil, allowing more complex plants, like grasses and shrubs, to thrive. Eventually, this process leads to the establishment of a stable ecosystem, often a forest. Succession can be primary (starting from scratch) or secondary (where soil remains) and reflects nature's ability to recover and adapt.