MacArthur and Wilson's Theory of Island Biogeography

MacArthur and Wilson's Theory of Island Biogeography explains how the number of species on an island balances immigration and extinction rates. Larger islands closer to the mainland tend to have more species because they can attract more immigrants and sustain larger populations. Conversely, smaller or more isolated islands have fewer species due to higher extinction rates and lower immigration. This theory helps us understand biodiversity, conservation efforts, and how ecosystems function in both island and fragmented habitats.