succession ecology

Succession ecology is the process through which ecosystems change and develop over time. It begins when an area is disturbed, such as after a fire or when new land forms. In primary succession, life starts from bare rock or newly formed areas, while in secondary succession, it occurs in previously inhabited areas that have been disturbed. Over time, various plants and animals colonize the area, leading to increasing complexity and biodiversity. Eventually, the ecosystem may reach a stable state called climax community, where it remains relatively unchanged until the next disturbance.