Umar ibn al-Khattab

Umar ibn al-Khattab was the second caliph of Islam, succeeding Abu Bakr after the Prophet Muhammad's death. He ruled from 634 to 644 CE and is known for his strong leadership, administrative reforms, and military conquests that expanded the Islamic state across the Middle East, including parts of Persia and Egypt. Umar is credited with establishing a judicial system, promoting religious tolerance, and implementing infrastructure projects. His governance emphasized justice and public welfare, and he is respected by Muslims for his contributions to the growth and stability of the early Islamic community. He was assassinated in 644 CE.