Omar ibn al-Khattab

Omar ibn al-Khattab (c. 584-644 CE) was the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, succeeding Abu Bakr. He is known for his strong leadership, administrative reforms, and expansion of the Islamic empire across the Middle East, including Persia and Egypt. Omar established a system of governance, introduced legal and tax reforms, and promoted justice and equality. His policies fostered religious tolerance among conquered peoples. He is also remembered for his significant role in early Islamic history and for being a companion of the Prophet Muhammad. Omar was assassinated in 644 CE and is revered as a major figure in Islam.