Plasmids

Plasmids are small, circular pieces of DNA found in many bacteria and some other microorganisms. Unlike the main DNA that carries necessary genetic information, plasmids often carry extra genes that can provide advantages, such as antibiotic resistance. They can replicate independently, meaning they can quickly multiply and spread their traits within a population. Scientists often use plasmids in genetic engineering because they can easily introduce new genes into bacteria, making them valuable tools for research, medicine, and biotechnology.