plasmid biology

Plasmid biology involves small, circular pieces of DNA called plasmids found in bacteria and some other organisms. These plasmids replicate independently of the main bacterial chromosomes and often carry genes that provide advantages, such as antibiotic resistance or enhanced survival. They can be transferred between bacteria through a process called conjugation, facilitating genetic diversity and adaptation. Scientists utilize plasmids in genetic engineering to manipulate genes, produce medicines, and develop research tools, making plasmid biology fundamental to biotechnology and medicine.