bacterial genetics

Bacterial genetics is the study of how bacteria inherit traits and adapt to their environments. Unlike humans, bacteria have simpler structures, typically a single circular DNA molecule. This DNA carries genes that control their functions and survival. Bacteria can exchange genetic material through processes like transformation (taking up DNA from their surroundings), transduction (virus-mediated transfer), and conjugation (direct transfer between bacteria). These methods enable bacteria to quickly adapt, evolve antibiotic resistance, and enhance survival. Understanding bacterial genetics is crucial for developing new treatments and managing infections effectively.