pBR322

pBR322 is a small, circular piece of DNA used as a tool in genetic research and biotechnology. It originates from a natural plasmid found in bacteria and has been modified to include specific markers, like genes for antibiotic resistance, which help scientists identify successful genetic modifications. pBR322 can be easily inserted into bacteria, allowing for the replication and study of desired DNA sequences. Its versatility and well-understood structure make it a fundamental cloning vector for DNA experiments, enabling scientists to manipulate genes, produce proteins, and develop new medicines efficiently.