Plasmid DNA

Plasmid DNA is a small, circular piece of DNA that exists independently within a cell, primarily found in bacteria. Unlike chromosomal DNA, which contains essential genetic information for the organism's growth and function, plasmids often carry additional genes that can provide advantages, such as antibiotic resistance or the ability to produce toxins. Scientists utilize plasmids as tools in genetic engineering to introduce new traits into organisms, making them valuable in research, medicine, and biotechnology. These plasmids can replicate and be passed between cells, enabling rapid adaptation to changing environments.