Centralization

Centralization refers to the concentration of decision-making authority and control within a single entity or a small group, rather than distributing it across various levels or different locations. In a centralized system, most decisions are made at the top of an organization or government, which can lead to uniformity and efficiency. However, it may also result in slower responses to local needs and reduced participation from lower levels. Centralization contrasts with decentralization, where power and decision-making are distributed more widely, allowing for greater local autonomy and responsiveness.