Ayyubid Sultanate

The Ayyubid Sultanate was a medieval Islamic state founded by Saladin in the 12th century. Originating in Egypt and expanding across the Levant, it was known for its role in the Crusades, particularly the recapture of Jerusalem in 1187. The Ayyubids promoted Islamic culture, architecture, and education, establishing notable schools and hospitals. Their rule was characterized by a blend of military prowess and political sophistication, facing challenges from Crusaders and rivals. The dynasty declined in the 13th century, ultimately falling to the Mongols and the rise of the Mamluks, who succeeded them in Egypt and Syria.