Third Crusade

The Third Crusade (1189-1192) was a military campaign initiated by European leaders to reclaim Jerusalem from Muslim control, following its capture by Saladin in 1187. Prominent figures included Richard the Lionheart of England, King Philip II of France, and Emperor Frederick I of Germany. Although they achieved some victories and recaptured key coastal cities, the crusaders failed to regain Jerusalem itself. The conflict highlighted the tensions between Christians and Muslims and ultimately led to a treaty allowing Christians to visit the city while it remained under Muslim control, marking a significant chapter in the history of the Crusades.