Historical texts (Ibn Khaldun)

Ibn Khaldun was a 14th-century North African historian and philosopher known for his groundbreaking work, the "Muqaddimah," which examines the rise and fall of civilizations. He introduced concepts like social cohesion, economics, and the impact of environment on societies, emphasizing that history is shaped by human behavior and social structures rather than divine fate. His ideas laid the groundwork for modern sociology and historiography, making him a pivotal figure in understanding not just historical narratives but also the dynamics of culture and society over time.