Muqaddimah

The Muqaddimah, written by Ibn Khaldun in the 14th century, is a foundational work in sociology and history. It explores how societies, civilizations, and cultures develop, prosper, and decline over time. Ibn Khaldun examines factors like economic activity, social cohesion, leadership, and environmental influences, emphasizing the cyclical nature of history. His approach combines philosophy, history, and social science, offering insights into human behavior and societal change. The Muqaddimah is considered a pioneering effort to understand the dynamics of civilizations through a systematic and analytical lens.