The Sixth Crusade (1228–1229)

The Sixth Crusade (1228–1229) was a military campaign initiated by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II to regain control of Jerusalem from Muslim rule. Unlike earlier crusades, it relied more on diplomacy than warfare. Frederick negotiated directly with the Muslim leaders and secured a peaceful transfer of Jerusalem and other territories to Christian control through a treaty, without significant battles. This expedition marked a unique approach, highlighting the declining military fervor of the crusading spirit, as it successfully achieved its goals through negotiation rather than conflict, albeit resulting in temporary Christian control over Jerusalem.