The Sixth Crusade

The Sixth Crusade (1228-1229) was a military campaign initiated by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II to reclaim Jerusalem from Muslim control. Unlike earlier crusades that involved significant battles, Frederick negotiated directly with the Muslim leader, al-Kamil. Through diplomacy, he secured the peaceful transfer of Jerusalem, along with other holy sites, to Christian rule. This crusade is notable for its focus on negotiation rather than warfare, and it ultimately resulted in a temporary Christian control of Jerusalem, although this peace was fragile and short-lived. Frederick's actions were controversial, as he faced criticism for bypassing traditional military efforts.