19th century India

In the 19th century, India was largely under British colonial rule, which began after the defeat of the East India Company in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. This period saw significant changes: the introduction of railways, telegraphs, and modern education systems; the rise of social reform movements advocating for women's rights and the abolition of caste discrimination; and growing nationalism. While British policies impacted India’s economy and society, leading to economic hardships and famines, resistance to colonial rule grew, laying the groundwork for India's independence movement in the 20th century.