the House of Stuart

The House of Stuart was a royal family that ruled Scotland, England, and Ireland from the late 14th century until the early 18th century. They came to prominence with Robert II in Scotland. The most notable Stuarts include James I, who united the crowns of England and Scotland in 1603, and Charles I, whose conflict with Parliament led to the English Civil War and his execution in 1649. The dynasty faced challenges, including civil wars and crises of succession. The Stuarts ended with Queen Anne in 1714, leading to the establishment of the Hanoverian succession.