Philosophers (e.g., Plato, Aristotle)

Plato and Aristotle are foundational figures in Western philosophy. Plato, a student of Socrates, believed in ideal forms and the existence of an objective reality beyond our perceptions, emphasizing the importance of reason and ethics. He wrote works like "The Republic," which explores justice and the ideal state. Aristotle, a student of Plato, focused on empirical observation and practical ethics, examining the natural world and human behavior. He contributed to numerous fields, including logic, biology, and politics, stressing the importance of understanding reality through experience and reason. Together, their ideas have profoundly influenced thought throughout history.