The Opium War

The Opium War refers to two conflicts in the mid-19th century between China and Western powers, primarily Britain. The British traded opium, grown in India, for Chinese tea, affecting China's society and economy. China sought to suppress the opium trade, leading to tensions. The first Opium War (1839-1842) resulted in China's defeat, forcing it to sign unequal treaties, ceding territory like Hong Kong and opening trade ports. The second Opium War (1856-1860) further expanded Western influence. These wars marked a significant shift in China's relations with the West, contributing to its struggles with imperialism and internal unrest.