The First Crusade

The First Crusade was a military expedition initiated by European Christians in 1096, aiming to reclaim Jerusalem and other holy lands from Muslim control. It was called by Pope Urban II in response to a plea from the Byzantine Emperor for help against advancing Turkish forces. The crusaders, comprising knights and common people, faced numerous hardships but eventually captured Jerusalem in 1099 after a violent siege. The success of the crusade established several Christian kingdoms in the region, but it also intensified conflict between Christians and Muslims, setting the stage for future crusades and long-lasting tensions.