The First Crusade (1096–1099)

The First Crusade (1096–1099) was a military expedition initiated by European Christians in response to a call from Pope Urban II to reclaim Jerusalem and other holy sites in the Middle East from Muslim control. Motivated by religious fervor, adventure, and economic gain, thousands of knights and commoners embarked on a perilous journey. They faced numerous challenges, including harsh conditions and conflict with local populations. Despite these obstacles, they captured Jerusalem in 1099, establishing several Christian states in the region. The First Crusade set the stage for a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims over centuries.