Scientific Realism and Anti-Realism

Scientific Realism asserts that scientific theories accurately describe the world, including those aspects we can't directly observe, like electrons or black holes. Anti-Realism counters, arguing that these theories are just tools for explaining observable phenomena, not literal truths about unseen realities. Essentially, realism believes we can know what the universe is like deep down, while anti-realism says we can only know what we can see or infer from our observations.