quantum phase transition
A quantum phase transition occurs when a material changes its fundamental properties due to quantum effects, rather than temperature, as in classical phase transitions (like ice melting to water). This shift usually happens at absolute zero or near it and is driven by changes in parameters such as pressure or magnetic field. For instance, a material can change from a magnetically ordered state to a disordered state as the system's conditions are altered, revealing unique phenomena that are not seen at higher temperatures. These transitions help scientists understand complex behaviors in materials at the quantum level.
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A quantum phase transition is a change in the state of matter that occurs at absolute zero temperature due to changes in quantum mechanical effects rather than temperature. It happens when a system's parameters, like pressure or magnetic field, are altered, causing a dramatic shift in its properties, akin to how water changes to ice when cooled. Unlike classical phase transitions, which are driven by thermal energy, quantum phase transitions involve quantum fluctuations and can reveal new phases of matter that have unique behaviors, like superconductivity or magnetism, that classical states cannot achieve.