Quantum Fluctuations

Quantum fluctuations are temporary, spontaneous changes in energy that occur in empty space at the smallest scales. According to quantum mechanics, particles and energy can momentarily appear and vanish—a phenomenon driven by the uncertainty principle. These fluctuations mean that even in "empty" space, tiny amounts of energy pop in and out randomly. Though brief and invisible, they can have significant effects, such as influencing the early universe's development or creating particles like virtual particles, which play a key role in fundamental physical processes.